Roman Empire.Emp Augustus. Scarce coin.lot 407

Description: Roman Empire. Assarius of First Roman Emperor Augustus,27BC-14AD. Assarius had been minted during Emp Titus reign,80-81AD Lot 407 Weight: 8.62 gm Size: 25 mm Augustus First Roman emperor from 27 BC to AD 14 Caesar Augustus(bornGaius Octavius; 23 September 63 BC 19 August AD 14), also known asOctavian, was the founder of theRoman Empire; he reigned as the firstRoman emperorfrom 27BC until his death in AD14.The reign of Augustus initiated animperial cultas well as an era associated withimperial peace, thePax RomanaorPax Augusta, in which the Roman world was largely free of armed conflict aside from expansionary wars and theYear of the Four Emperors. ThePrincipatesystem of imperial rule established by Augustus lasted until theCrisis of the Third Century Gaius Octavius was born into an old and wealthyequestrian branchof theplebeiangensOctavia. His maternal great-uncleJulius Caesarwasassassinated in 44 BC, and Octavius was named in Caesar's will as hisadoptedson and heir; as a result, he inherited Caesar's name, estate, and the loyalty of his legions. He,Mark Antony, andMarcus Lepidusformed theSecond Triumvirateto defeat the assassins of Caesar. Following their victory at theBattle of Philippi(42 BC), the Triumvirate divided theRoman Republicamong themselves and ruled asde factodictators. The Triumvirate was eventually torn apart by the competing ambitions of its members; Lepidus was exiled in 36 BC, and Antony was defeated by Octavian at theBattle of Actiumin 31 BC. Antony and his wifeCleopatra, thePtolemaicqueen ofEgypt,killed themselvesduring Octavian's invasion of Egypt, which then became aRoman province After the demise of the Second Triumvirate, Augustus restored the outward facade of the free republic, with governmental power vested in theRoman Senate, theexecutive magistratesand thelegislative assemblies, yet he maintained autocratic authority by having the Senate grant him lifetime tenure ascommander-in-chief,tribuneandcensor. A similar ambiguity is seen in his chosen names, the implied rejection of monarchical titles whereby he called himselfPrincepsCivitatis(First Citizen) juxtaposed with his adoption of the titleAugustus. wifeLiviapoisoned him. He was succeeded as emperor by his adopted sonTiberius, Livia's son and former husband of Augustus' only biological childJulia. Titus 10th Roman emperor from AD 79 to 81 Titus was born inRome, probably on 30 December 39 AD, as the eldest son ofTitus Flavius Vespasianus, commonly known as Vespasian, andDomitilla the Elder.He had one younger sister,Domitilla the Younger(born 45), and one younger brother,Titus Flavius Domitianus(born 51), commonly referred to as Domitian. Family background Decades of civil war during the 1st century BC had contributed greatly to the demise of the old aristocracy of Rome, which was gradually replaced in prominence by a new Italian nobility during the early 1st century.One such family was thegensFlavia, which rose from relative obscurity to prominence in only four generations, acquiring wealth and status under the Emperors of theJulio-Claudian dynasty. Titus's great-grandfather,Titus Flavius Petro, had served as acenturionunderPompeyduringCaesar's Civil War. His military career ended in disgrace when he fled the battlefield at theBattle of Pharsalusin 48 BC Nevertheless, Petro managed to improve his status by marrying the extremely-wealthy Tertulla, whose fortune guaranteed the upwards mobility of Petro's sonTitus Flavius Sabinus I, Titus's grandfather.Sabinus himself amassed further wealth and possibleequestrianstatus through his services astax collectorin Asia and banker inHelvetia. By marryingVespasia Polla, he allied himself to the more prestigiouspatriciangens Vespasia, ensuring the elevation of his sonsTitus Flavius Sabinus IIandVespasianto thesenatorialrank. Thepolitical careerof Vespasian included the offices ofquaestor,aedileandpraetorand culminated with aconsulshipin 51, the year Domitian was born. As a military commander, he gained early renown by participating in theRoman invasion of Britainin 43.What little is known of Titus's early life has been handed down bySuetonius, who recorded that he was brought up at the imperial court in the company ofBritannicus,the son of EmperorClaudius, who would be murdered byNeroin 55. The story was even told that Titus was reclining next to Britannicus on the night he was murdered and sipped of the poison that was handed to him.Further details on his education are scarce, but it seems he showed early promise in themilitary artsand was a skilled poet and orator both inGreekandLatin. From around 57 to 59 he was a militarytribuneinGermania. He also served inBritanniaand perhaps arrived about 60 with reinforcements needed after the revolt ofBoudica. About 63, he returned to Rome and marriedArrecina Tertulla, daughter ofMarcus Arrecinus Clemens, a formerPrefect of the Praetorian Guard. She died about 65. Titus then took a new wife of a much more distinguished family,Marcia Furnilla. However, Marcia's family was closely linked to the opposition toNero. Her uncleBarea Soranusand his daughterServiliawere among those who perished after the failedPisonian conspiracyof 65.Some modern historians theorise that Titus divorced his wife because of her family's connection to the conspiracy Titus never remarried and appears to have had multiple daughters,at least one of them by Marcia Furnilla.The only one known to have survived to adulthood wasJulia Flavia, perhaps Titus's child by Arrecina, whose mother was also named Julia.During this period Titus also practiced law and attained the rank ofquaestor Before becoming emperor, Titus gained renown as a military commander, serving under his father inJudeaduring theFirst JewishRoman War. The campaign came to a brief halt with the death of emperorNeroin 68, launching Vespasian's bid for the imperial power during theYear of the Four Emperors. When Vespasian was declared Emperor on 1 July 69, Titus was left in charge of ending the Jewish rebellion. In 70, hebesieged and captured Jerusalem, and destroyed the city and theSecond Temple. For this achievement Titus was awarded atriumph; theArch of Tituscommemorates his victory to this day. Certificate of Authenticity included

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